"Comparative Criminal Justice"
Vocabulary.
01. Synnomie - The sharing of values to the point of harmonious accommodation of divergent views.
02. Anomie - A "normlessness", or lack of attachment felt by some people toward their society.
03. Transnational crime - Offenses in which the planning and execution of the crime involve more than one country.
04. Hijacking- The unauthorized seizure of a land vehicle, aircraft, or other conveyance while it is in transit.
05. Trafficking in humans - The smuggling of women and children form their home countries, usually for purposes of sexual exploitation.
06. Corruption - A term referring to bribery or extortion, through misuse of official position, either for personal gain or through threats of harm or legal action to force payment.
07. War crimes - Violations of law committed in excess of the brutality of the war itself.
08. Genocide - Intentionally destroying an ethnic, racial, national, or religious group in a systematic manner.
Outline.
The Risk of Crime Around The World.
`It is difficult to compare crime rates in different nations because of various methodological problems.
`The world crime surveys conducted by the United Nations have found that theft is the most common crime. Assault is the most frequently committed violent crime.
`Victimization surveys have found that crimes is not often reported to police and that victims and offenders share many of the same characteristics.
`Countries with low crime rates appear to have developed strong social control through family systems and religious tradition, practice, and belief.
Transnational Crime.
`Greater ease of travel and communication has made the commission of crime much easier.
`Among the most significant types of international crime are hijacking, trafficking in humans, corruption, and war crimes.
Transnational Law Enforcement.
`The International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) assists member law enforcement agencies requiring information about crimes or criminals of a transnational nature.
`Europol shares information about drug trafficking among member countries of the European Union.
`Effects are being made to professionalize law enforcement agencies around the world.
`Efforts to establish an international criminal court have been hampered by differences of opinion among nations.
`There are four families of law: civil, common, Islamic, socialist.
`Although there are international differences in the punishment of criminals, basic standards of treatment should apply everywhere. These have been codified by the United Nations in the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners.
`The forcible abduction of a fugitive from one country to be brought to justice in another raises legal and ethical problems. Similar problems arise when fugitives are lured to other countries.
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